The definition of a diaphragm pump falls under the category of positive displacement pumps that use a thermoplastic, rubber, or Teflon diaphragm to reciprocate. These devices' flow rates do not vary much with discharge pressure, indicating that the pump operates at the specified pump speed. Diaphragm pumps can transfer low, high, or medium viscous liquids, as well as liquids containing extremely large solid substances. They can even handle strong chemicals like acids because they are built with a variety of diaphragms and body materials.
A diaphragm pump is made up of rubber diaphragms that are actuated by a rod that moves the rubber diaphragm in an open and closed cycle. The rod is typically propelled by air or an electric motor. The diaphragm closes the fluid chamber, forcing material out of the pump, and the rod movement switches the diaphragm direction, creating a pulling effect and bringing new material into the pump.
Ability to run dry: Diaphragm pumps can run dry for extended periods because there are no close fittings, turnings, or sliding parts. However, it is not recommended to dry run continuously or for long periods due to inefficient energy consumption and diaphragm stroke life consumption.
Deadhead: The discharge line can be completely closed at any time and repeatedly without causing any damage or wear to the diaphragm pump. There will be no energy consumption or temperature rise. The diaphragm pump will simply stop operating. Because discharge pressure control cannot exceed air pressure, a pressure relief system is not required.
Highly abrasive liquids, particles, and liquid slurries: Because there are no internal seals, rubbing, or rotating surfaces, abrasive liquids with high solid residue percentages and large solid sizes can be easily pumped. Diaphragm pumps can handle liquids that have not been perfectly filtered – liquids with a solid particle residue.
Pumping efficiency remains constant: Diaphragm pumps have no exposed fitting parts, rotors, gears, or vanes to the liquid and thus do not wear out over time, resulting in a gradual decline in pumping performance.
High start-stop efficiency: When compared to similar-sized electric-type pumps, double diaphragm pumps offer a high level of pumping efficiency when used in constant start-stop applications.
Cannot overheat: Diaphragm pumps do not have electric motors and are naturally cooled during operation by compressed air, natural gas, or nitrogen.
Variable flow rate and discharge pressure: It is possible to operate the pump anywhere between 0 and 1 liters per minute by adjusting the air inlet pressure or opening and closing the discharge valve. The discharge pressure is also affected by air pressure.
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